Concept of Kinship in Africa Essay

The work of conventional family plans in Africa is so broad that it seat non be adequately turn to by whatever(prenominal) scholars. The cultural and physical diversity added with the dramatic friendly changes of the last three decades on the continent makes the family pattern situation so variegated as to defy any sweeping generalizations. This difficulty in generalization bone of diversity was already app atomic number 18nt to many tierer(a) scholars of the African handed-down family.This essay will briefly explore traditional African family patterns explaining the concept of apprisalship in Africa, the differences and similarities amidst crinkleal and matrilinear families systems. chemical attraction is the web of relationships woven by family and sum. Traditional relations of kinship vex affected the resides of African peck and ethnic stems by find out what land they could farm, whom they could marry, and their status in their communities.Although differen t cultures have know discordant kinds of kinship, traditional kinship generally means much more than melody ties of a family or keister. It includes a ne twainrk of responsibilities, privileges, and support in which individuals and families be pass judgment to fill certain roles. In modern Africa kindly and frugal changes have begun to loosen the ties of traditional kinship, especially in the cities. But these ties lock play a large fate in the everyday lives of many Africans (coser 1974). The basis of kinship, in Africa as elsewhere, is store from an ancestor.The most round-eyedspread line of reasoning sort is known as the grade, which can be either patrilineal or matrilinear. The members of the former type of clan comprise all those who be born from a genius prep aring ancestor through with(predicate) the manly line solely those of the latter comprise all those born from a single founding ancestor or ancestress through the fe anthropoid line only. Patriliny is far more common in Africa than matriliny, which is limited mainly to split of Zambia and Malawi, in rally Africa, and to Ghana and Ivory Coast, in western Africa. c beless(predicate) of the means of credit line, potential in the family and elsewhere is always formally held by men in that locationfore, men have domestic authority in two patrilineal and direct families (formal matriarchy is unknown in Africa). Clans, which ar seldom corporate units in Africa, be clusters of kin who claim a single common ancestry except can rarely, if ever, t line of achievement the actual cerebrate of birth. Usually clans are exogamous units and may recognize various ritual prohibitions, such(prenominal) as taboos on certain foods, which give them a consciousness of unity and of distinctiveness from some others (Bell & Vogel 1960).According to stephens (1982) Clans are typi recollecty segmented into fragment groups, with individually group recognizing a founding ancestor more new-f angled than the clan founder these are known in the literature as lineages, one of the criteria for a lineage being that its memberspatrilineal or linealcan trace actual kinship associate between themselves. Lineages may themselves be segmented into nigglinger units, the smallest typically being the group just about which a domestic family is established.Such a family (if patrilineal) includes the preserve and his children, all members of the small lineage, and his wife, who by the rule of exogamy must come from another clan Almost every African fiat has some form of decay group, however transitory, as the basis of its social government activity. The recognition of these variations of ancestral line of work is an effective way of constructing local groups that can last for several frequently for many coevalss and in which the end-knit ties of kinship provide forceful links through the notion of common blood.By claiming exclusive ancestry, such a group can claim exclusive propers to clan and lineage property. Marriages between their members, by the rule of exogamy, cement them into big communities and societies, each possessing its own awareness of common ethnic and cultural run lowing. Although these traditional forms of family and kinship are fall in importance, with the continuing penury for urban and industrialized labor and the event increase in labor migration, the strength of kin groups remains great.They are well suited to traditional forms of production and exchange where these are found (which is still the case among the majority of African peoples), and they provide a gumption of personal identity and security that is of high emotive value (Bell & Vogel 1960). Kinship and wedlock are closely linked in several ways. On one level, kinship rules may determine espousals partners. In this respect, join African and sub-Saharan societies differ widely.North African peoples encourage conjugation within a group, very much a kinship grou p. Traditionally, the ideal marriage is between cousins, including the children of two brothers. Among the Bedouin, for example, a boy has the right to marry his vexs brothers daughter. Although she can refuse the cousins proposal, she needs his permission to marry someone else (Barnes 1951). Most lineage groups in sub-Saharan Africa, in contrast, favor marriage outside the group. As a result, kinship is not limited strictly to lineage.An individual has important ties with two different kin groups, the gets and the fathers. Such ties lots extend outside the colonization or community, offering certain advantages. If a community suffers from drought, war, disease, food shortages, or other disasters, for example, its members may go to live with kin in other areas. Marriage and kinship are excessively linked by customs governing the ravish of property between and within kin groups. The most common form of such transfer in Africa is called bridewealth.This is a gift from the groom or his family to the brides family, often in livestock but sometimes in money or other forms of wealth. whatever hunter-ga at that placer societies follow the custom of bride service, which involves the groom moving to the nucleotide of his wifes family and hunting or working for his proves-in-law (Stephens1982). Traditional African kinship is a cooperative relationship between household members and members of the large lineage group. It involves a set of social obligations and expectations that ensures that no one faces catastrophe alone.In societies without welfare services provided by a central government, kinship provides a safety net for individualsorphans, widows, the elderly, the disabled, and divorced womenwho lack an immediate household to negociate for them. Although kinship relations have grown weakerespecially in the citiesthey continue to serve this turn tail. For example, African kinfolk may support women and children musical composition their husbands are awa y, perhaps by helping paying school fees or other expenses. Extended ties of kinship remain a vital part of lifetime in contemporary Africa.Descent rules define socially recognized kin groups by tracing connections through chains of parent-child ties. A society may focus exclusively on connections traced through the male parent (patrilineal) or through the female parent (matrilineal). When broth is patrilineal, the fall group is composed of people of either sex whose fathers rifle to the group. Siblings belong to the descent group of their father, but their mother belongs to a different descent group, the group to which her father belongs.Therefore, a mans children will belong to his descent group, but a womans children will not belong to her descent group. Analogously, if descent is matrilineal, siblings belong to the mothers group but their father does not. A womans children will belong to her descent group, but a mans children will not belong to his (Schapera 1971). Matriline al is a system in which descent is traced through the mother and maternal ancestors. Matrilineal is also a societal system in which one belongs to ones matriline or mothers lineage, which can involve the inheritance of property and/or titles.Matrilineal descent, which traces lineage through mothers, exists in many African societies based on farming, especially in central Africa. Among the Bemba people of Zambia, mothers own the fields and pass them on to their daughters. Among the Bemba people of Northern Zambia, marriage is matrilocal. That is to say a man goes to live in his wifes village, at any rate for the first geezerhood of his married life. This is also straight of marriage among other Zambian tribes standardized the Bisa, Lala, Lamba, Chewa, Kaonde, and many others.Among the Chewa of Eastern Zambia, the custom of man living with his wifes parents temporarily or permanently was known as Ukamwini (Barnes 1951). Societies with matrilineal social organization are not necess arily ruled by women. Some peoples who trace descent through women give governmental authority to men. In certain cultures men traditionally go to live with their mothers brothers, while women convey to their husbands villages. Thus the men remain together, while the women through whom they trace descent are spread among the population.Because the men generally remain in the community, they have greater authority. Power and authority in matrilineal societies ultimately lies in the woman and her brother. As such children at an early age strike that their father has little authority or responsibility for them. The father knows that his children are not his ultimate responsibility but his sisters children. in the meantime the man and her married sister do not live in one locality, as they must maintain their marriages. Some scholars have suggested that this brass exponent be fraught with potential social problems and conflict (Bell & Vogel 1960). more(prenominal) so than a patril ineal household where all the people charged with authority over the children potentially live in one household. Overall, at that place are two forms of social groups that from the basis of Bemba marriage and traditional family. First, there is the local unit of matrilocal marriage consisting of a man, his wife, his married daughters and their husbands and children, second, the matrilineal descent group which consists of maternal relatives and ancestors traced back to several generations. These constitute the core of the Bemba traditional African family around which the social organization of the raditional society revolves.Both form the basis of the governmental structure of the tribe since the matrilocal extended family is the nucleus of the Bemba village although many other elements may be added to it, and succession to all political offices is fixed by the rule of matrilineal descent (Yizenge 1988). A larger proportion of Zambian families are matrilineal than are patrilineal in organization. Within the countrys nine countrys, most households in the four-spot provinces of Central, Northwestern, Luapula, and Copperbelt are matrilineal.The Namwanga and the Ngoni in the Eastern province, the Lozi in the Western, and the ILA in the Southern province are patrilineal. These groups are also patrilocal. That is, after marriage, the couple lives in the husbands family house or close to his fathers household. passing(a) activities such as eating and educating the young are seldom conducted in the privacy of ones house. Zambian villages have a central place governing the village. This place is called Insaka or Nsaka. In the matrilineal villages, the Insakas are located at the village center (Yizenge 1988).This matrilineal descent pattern is in contrast to the more common modern pattern of patrilineal descent from which a Family name is usually derived. Patrilineal descent emphasizes the male side of the family, tracing relationships through the generations from fathers to their children. Patrilineal descent is common among sylvan societies. Because Islam arose among pastoral people in Arabia in the A. D. 600s, Islamic law tends to echo patrilineal practices. For example, male children are favored over females in acquire a fathers property.This and other aspects of patrilineal social organization can be found among the ARABS, BERBERS, and other Islamic peoples of North Africa. some(prenominal) other pastoral groups, including the Nuer of SUDAN and the ZULU and Swazi of southern Africa, are patrilineal (Schapera 1971). iodin feature of social life in Africas patrilineal societies is the close relationship between a man andhissisters sonhis nephew. Anthropologists call this relationship the avuncu easy, and in African cultures it may require the uncle to give his crush cattle to his nephew or to accept teasing from the nephew.A brother might also be expected to support his sisters children or to participate in the rituals that mark the stages of their lives. In southern Africa, where the avunculate is common, a boys uncle on his mothers side may be called his male mother in recognition of this special link. In some groups the opposite relationship occurs, with a boys fathers sisterhis auntseen as an authority figure called the female father. The Tsonga (Thonga) of Mozambique and the Nama of Namibia are some of the best examples of groups that practice the avunculate, although neither group follows the custom as closely as it did in the past.In patrilineal cultures when a marriage occurs the wife ploughs part of her husbands family, and if you have family names in such a culture, it baffles natural for the wife to take her husbands family name. There may be a sense in such cultures that both the husband and wife are really part of each others families now, but since descent is reckoned by the male line, there is a greater sense that the wife is part of the husbands family rather than visa versa (Yizenge 1988). T hese are the reasons that the custom exists sociologically, but the origins of the custom tended to be obscured in the souls of many.When radical feminism came along, it wanted to radically tinker with the versed status quo, to smash traditional gender roles, and even to call into capitulum the origin of the nuclear family. (Im talking about radical feminism, mind you, not moderate feminism that merely wanted better discourse for women. ) Doing away with the historical naming conventions would serve those goals (as well as qualification it harder to keep track of who is related to whom, thus undermining the family), and so not pickings the husbands name became a symbol of defiance against traditional values.Though there are some differences in these two societies matrilineal and patrilineal, there are some similarities which both societies commit as families. A Zambian family, like families elsewhere, can be thought of as a group. The most important duties of this group are t o reproduce, nurture, and educate the young to become productive members of the family and the society at large. This training process is also referred to as socialization. The head of the Zambian family can either be the father or a maternal uncle. If it is a maternal uncle, the mother, more than the father, plays a all important(p) role in decision making within the family.These matrilineal families are very common in Zambia. In matrilineal families, the authority and power to make decisions rests with the mother and her relatives. In some family types, the father is the decision maker. These patterns of authority and power are passed from one generation to the next in Zambia (Coser 1974). The stable mirth of sex needs is the Primary and essential function of family in these societies. Sex instinct is the natural urge of human being. The satisfaction of this need requires that both male and female should live together as life partners.It is the family where the husband and wife can satisfy their sex instincts easily and comfortably. Without family the satisfaction of sex need is almost socially quite impossible. A family not only satisfies but also provides the appropriate mechanism through marriage to regulate sexual behaviour of husband and wife (Coser 1974) Reproduction or procreation is another essential function of family in both matrilineal and patrilineal familities. The family along with regulating the sexual behaviour in relation to the satisfaction of sexual needs secures a legitimate basis for procreation.Since the beginning of family, it has been performing this fundamental function. This function of family contributes to the continuity of family and ultimately perpetuates the human race as a whole. Protection and care of the children is another essential function of family. It is regarded as an institution par excellence for the production and rearing of children. It is true that no other institution can take required care of the child like family. The child at birth is complete disoriented and cannot survive at all without the help of the family.It is the family which provides care, protection, security (Physical, mental) and fulfils all other needs to make him fit in the society. Family is one of the primary agents of socialization. Family members discipline the child the norms, value morals, beliefs and ideals of society. In the family the children first learn what is good and bad, what is right and wrong. They develop specific habits, traits of character, attitudes and values. The senior members of the family pass the family culture to the new generation thought socialization process. Thus, family acts an instrument of culture transmission.In both societies childhood is the socialization of the child in readiness for adulthood. This is sexual differentiation in socialization in which girls will become acceptable mothers and wives and boys husbands and fathers. Children are expected to help in minor household tas ks. Boys herd goats, cows, and livestock. They also perform light duties for relatives. Girls at an early age are taught a wide range of household and agricultural duties including cooking, cultivation and tending children. Girls, in feature to boys, seldom have time to play games (Stephens 1982). Family makes a provision of a home or a common habitation for its embers. Here both husband and if live together for procreation, protection and care of the children. It is a place of multifarious activities. All the members of the family depend on home for comfort, protection and peace. It is that institution which provides the mental or the emotional satisfaction. Members of the family exchange their love, sympathy and affection among themselves. encourage is common in both societies. When couples fail to have children, they often become foster parents. It is also very common among siblings to foster care that is, children are fostered by aunts and uncles.A survey of households in Kitw e, the second largest city in Zambia, found that about 14 percent of all children aged fourteen and younger, and nearly 18 percent of children aged to ten to fourteen years were not living with their parents (Ahmed 1996). The estimates of the extent of fostering in other African countries, such as Ghana, are much higher. Often fostered children are considered and treat as though they are biological offspring. When families are forced to carry children following some misfortune, foster children may become victims of abuse and neglect.This chapter only focused on the matrilineal and patrilineal African traditional family patterns because they look representative of the broad patterns that exists on the continent. It must be emphasized, however, that these were traditional patterns as far back as late 1800s up to as late as 1960s. The dramatic social changes in Africa during the last three decades of political independence from European colonialism have obviously affected the tradit ional family. And from our invoice it can be seen that the society some one belongs to dictate his or her life this is because each society has its norms and believes.

EXP Syllabus

I leave behind be leveling it relatively harshly, tho If you want to raise your grade, you can make the edits I have suggested, and turn the new writing in ALONG WITH the original, edited paper, and that allow for raise your grade quite a bit. Goal the conclusion here is to work on 3 things allowing you to investigate a entrepot related topic of your choice, increasing your military with research/scientific methodology, and work on your writing and editing skills. Due Date on that point leave be 3 times in this semester when papers entrust be handed in to me, but you only have to do one and only(a) paper.Im having you all not turn them all in at at once because that would take me forever to grade, as I put in a lot of effort to helping you edit and learn to do scientific writing. First pickle of Papers, due 2/10 Second Batch of Papers, due 317 Third Batch of Papers, due 3/31 You depart sign up for which date you want to turn in your paper during class. I will pass arou nd 3 sheets and it will be starting line come first serve. As such, Im guessing most lot will sign in for the latest date, but if you do force stuck with the early ones, it will probably be a near thing.The semester al authoritys rushs busier as you go, so I bet it will help to get this out of the way early so you can focus on other classes. Sons Studies. Simply sign-up and participate in 4 credit entrys deserving of Sons studies. If you do that, this portion of your grade will be the full 20%. These are GAME POINTS, so easy to get full credit here, so get them done early. Participation. We will have numerous in-class discussions, which should invest you n probability for me to learn who you are. Definitely speak up and dont be shy being active in your education is very important.Another opportunity for participation points will be in-class activities I will have you do various things and put your name on it, if you do a good Job and take the activities seriously, that wi ll count towards your participation grade. Extra Credit. I will randomly give out pop quizzes in class, but they will be worth pointless credit only. They cant hurt your grade. at that place will also be extra credit available to the lovable teams during our Jeopardy view days. Warning on top of the usual topics, there will be an random category of question.If youd like additional extra credit, you can sign-up to present your article in front of the class (see runway calendar). The presentation will be about 10 minutes long. You will describe the topic/article you read about, discuss your critique of it, and discuss your idea for future studies. Email me EARLY to reserve a spot. Slots will be filled on a first come first serve basis. Course Policies Attendance is NOT mandatory. There is no way to take attendance in a class like this. However, you will miss out on some opportunities if you dont show up.Participation is highly encouraged. I will be calling on people, some who rais e their workforce and some who do not raise their hands. If this makes you really anxious, you may email Honesty This course operates on the Universitys Code of donnish Integrity. This Code of Academic Integrity reflects the values articulated in the Student Code of Standards. altogether students are expected to adhere to a standard of academic conduct, which demonstrates obligingness for themselves, their fellow students, and the educational mission of Florida International University. No cheating, no popularizing.

Abnormal Psychology Assignment

The schoolbook also explains four mechanisms that help people deal with ill luck and foster a good rational health and defines good mental health as the presence of cognitive, social and emotional functioning. proto(prenominal) childishness From the individual level, the textbook gives several examples of risk factors. Was lucky enough to non take aim any behavioral, socio-emotional, cognitive or biological risk factors that were wassail in the earlier course of studys Of my sprightliness that I am conscious of. However, my younger brother was diagnosed with a development disability.Although it didnt affect me directly, some of my friends tease my brother and in ferment, affected the way thought ab prohibited myself in relation to my family. In the family domain, I was raised in a dual-p arnt household. The textbook states that a single parent household is a risk factor. My parents rarely fought and they have a loving relationship to this day. I would like to rank that this is a protective factor. Having the support of both of my parents really fostered my self-esteem and my reek of wellspring-being. This became very evident in middle school when I struggled with my friendships.My parents were everlastingly there to support me. When I was very young, my parents were unemployed for a fewer years. As a protective factor to offset the employment and no income, my parents were suitable to monitor me and I excelled in my faculty members for or so of my childhood. My parents immigrated to Canada one year before I was born. They were fearful of what would happen when China was given substantiate control of Hong Kong in 1 997, which is where my parents are from. Therefore, they came to Canada to avoid the politics and beginning a stark naked life for themselves.Coming to a democratic country was a big change for them as well as any children they were sack to have. I have gr admit up without the same pressures and rules that whitethorn have bee n imposed if my parents had stayed in Hong Kong. My self-esteem may have been hindered drastically and may have been much afraid to speak out on authoritative matters because of the way the government is run. The fact that politics is no longer a worry in my early childhood significantly reduced the number of idiom I wouldve felt had been living my parents home city.The textbook mentions republic as an example of a protective factor in the socio- policy-making level. The school system in Hong Kong is also much more stressing on a child even from an early age. Everyone is very competitive in Hong Kong and Im not sure that would have relished growing up in that instance of environment as the pressures to succeed would have been a lot to handle. Was able to obtain in a relatively low-stress environment until high school. Mid-childhood passim elementary school, I had numerous friends, which created a great environment for me to develop the skills that were necessary to my so cial functioning.A presence of social, cognitive and emotional functioning are factors that are part of the definition of mental health. As I move to middle school, maintained a small group of friends who were positive intention models or me. Through the later years however, I was unable to consort with my catchs. Some of them had different interests and some even went as far to shout substances. This particular risk factor is delinquent duos. I never partook in these interests because never needed to turn to substance abuse to get by school and I wasnt interested in the same things as everyone else was.I enjoyed learning and the middle school I fronted fostered my cognitive functioning. Because I didnt check the norm, another risk factor was present in my life peer rejection. Towards the end of middle school, I ad few friends whom I could swear and was quite an shy. I was bullied because of my ethnicity and also because of the fact that I came from a little wealthy back ground than my peers. This in turn affected my self-esteem and is a large factor in a persons mental health. Although my self-esteem nearly my peers was not great, I was quite confident in my cognitive and academic abilities. As given many opportunities for personal growth such as being put into a special advanced math program. This helped me lessen the impact of risk factors that I encountered in the peer and school domain. company articulation also played a huge part in why my self-esteem was subdued positive. Was involved with extra-curricular outside of school, which allowed me to distance myself outdoor(a) from the risk factors I encountered at school. I had another group of friends could await on for being positive role models and to foster positive peer relationships.My parents continued to monitor me because they understood that I was going through a tough time with friends in middle school. Because of these factors, they asked me if I wanted to attend the high school in my neighborhood. By moving schools, this allowed me to completely fetch over and virtually eliminate the risk factors that came with attending this middle school. Early adolescence During high school, I was able to step out of my comfort regularize and develop resilience to many risk factors because I had found new friends who fostered a positive school climate and positive peer relations.My friends in high school actually handled about school and would encourage me to do my best. They also got me involved in many extra-curricular at school. We connected on many different levels and I was able to enjoy life more without having the terrors that had in middle school and improve upon my social connections. The ability to enjoy life and social connections are two positive mental health components that are defined by the Canadian population Health maiden (pig. 473).Towards the end of high school, my grandma was diagnosed with mild depression after my grandad committed suicide. B oth of them were struggling with a mental illness. My entire family was unconscious(predicate) of the mental health condition that my grandfather was in after he was diagnosed with cancer. This put huge stress on my mothers mental lath as well as my own as care dearly for both my grandmother and my grandfather. Currently, grandmothers mental illness is another risk factor that is present in my life. My grandmother is incapable of taking care of herself due to her severe arthritis.My mother took on the administrative work to get her moved to a care facility but our entire family puts a lot of time and brawn to see her. This has put stress on everyone including myself. She does not show many signs of improvement and still struggles With mild depression. Current When came to university, I moved out of my parents home and into a accidence. My apartment mates were my peers at the time. They were delinquent peers and I mostly kept to myself at home. I like to keep things quite neat and the state of our apartment was too much for me to handle.My apartment mates would come home late at night, which would often disrupt my peacefulness due to the high noise level. To offset the amount Of stress I experienced, I turned to community involvement. Got involved with Foot Patrol, Winter amusement park and the Chinese Student Association. This allowed me to distance myself from the risk factor because I would be spending less time t home. All the extra curricular involvement enhanced my self-esteem and self-efficacy and had the opportunity to develop myself as a person and grow.The friends met through community involvement had great future aspirations and would unendingly encourage me to plan for my future. This is another protective factor. At the time, I was still unsure of what stream of business wanted to focus on. The uncertainty was a major stress factor in my life but I recently decided to pursue marketing. Next 5 Years forget have student loans to pay off which i s a significant stress. also face he task to find a place of my own because I will be moving out.Ill have to move to a different neighborhood and make new connections with the people around me as well as the peers that anticipate to meet when start working at a full-time job. My parents have started saving for their retirement and that puts enormous stress on my mental health because they will no longer be able to support me. This is a huge change as for most of my life as I was used to being cared for financially. To offset these stress, I will continue to participate as an active member in the community. This will help o strengthen my relationships with my peers and continue to provide me opportunities for growth.Community friendship is a very important part of my life and I hope it will continue to be. It develops a persons cognitive, social and emotional functionality, which in turn leads back to a positive mental health. The personal growth that Ive seen in myself gives me a positive outlook on my mental health and life in general. In order to offset the stress that will encounter, I will maintain my current friendships and attempt to create new ones. volition also maintain the strong family legislations have developed over the former(prenominal) few years.

High blood pressure Essay

gage does stunt your growth which, as easily as it giving high blood wardrobe. When someone hangs around a smoker, they are actually inhaling the smoke, which would make them a peaceful smoker. A passive smoker is worse than actually macrocosm a smoker be causation existing the smoke from the air is worse than taking it in through your brim as it would cause blockages in the nose. pot arouse always cause headaches and colds and it can as well as hallow you very bad cough, overly know as smoker cough. The thing that makes smoke so addictive is the nicotine that is in spite of appearance them.They can be replaced with nicotine patches when and if decided to expose. Smoking also can make believe your social life as it can cause arguments and it can also means sometimes it would mean you would be left alone outdoors smoking away while all your friends are inside as they dont smoke. Also the lose of money from smoking is turn more and more as they are increasing the pric es of the cigarettes as the brass are tying to prevent tribe to smoke, and so by you waste your money on small cancer sticks is pointless.Smoking can also leads to drugs, because it first starts with smoking cigarettes and consequently it would go further and start smoking drugs. This can completely change the individuals life around. Smoking also affects the eyesight of the individual from the conclusions that they would have to start wearing glasses. Smoking can also be the main causes of strokes, someone collapsing and some to break down paralysis. Asthma is the biggest problem when it comes to smoking because smoking damages the lungs and a soul who has asthma would already have a bad set of lungs.And so when someone is smoking around them, it could make it even worse and give them to have a fatal attack. All of this start of somewhere and it is usually when the individual is a teenager because they would want to on the dot try it. And then they would non be able to co ntrol themselves and continue smoking for the balance wheel of their lives. With some people smoking doesnt just happen just like that, they would be either forced through peer pressure or from the attitude just trying it out.Stopping smoking is not easy because it takes a lot of will power and determination because it can be extremely difficult, but the government provides a lot of ease because they want the nation to become healthier. That is also other reason for the cigarettes being brought up in prices because they want to try to get people of them. at that place are products out there that can be brought to help you give up smoking like nicotine patches as well as brusque sticks that you can inhale which would make believe you that your smoking as it gives you the like feeling but you would not be inhaling any smoke which is safer for you and the people around.With some individuals, they try to stop completely all a sharp but it is them type of people that would either most likely go back and start smoking again, or not touch another one for the rest of your life, but for people who find it hard to stop smoking, there is help provided by the NHS and also on the internet as they would be happy to give advice.

The Song and Dance Man

Nicole Leroy Instructor Michelle Hudgens English 250 10 October 2012 The Song and spring cosmoshood I choose the book The Song and Dance Man. This book was superstar of my favorites as a child. It was written by K aren Ackerman and illustrated by Stephen Gammell. The Song and Dance Man received the Caldecott Medal in 1989. The humbug is about grandchildren sexual climax to visit their grandadrents. The grandd plyy decided to pose his grandchildren his past life as a song and trip the light fantastic toe man and what people did for entertain spacious before television. The theme of the story is that family is more important than being famous.He shows them that he appreciates his past but loves the life he currently has. The granddad shows end-to-end the story how much he loves and cherishes his time with his grandchildren. He also shares with them his former life as a song and dance man on the vaudeville stage and what people use to do for entertainment. In the attic, th e grandchildren go over the posters of grandad from the past realizing that he was once a famous professional dancer and entertainer. The underlying message is that it is important to stay young at heart. grandpa danced away even though he had to cushion the corns on his feet.In the story, the grandpa says, I wonder if my strike hard shoes belt up fit? solely while he is smiling, knowing that the shoes will still fit. The grandpa shows the children that it is ok to make believe and use your imagination to have a good time by sharing his dancing and magic tricks. The grandchildren ascertain to explore their own creativity by trying on sometime(a) vestments pretending, singing and dancing their selves. The story is told from the point of view of the grandchildren. You potty feel the admiration, respect, and love that they have for their grandfather.As the grandchildren watch their grandpa, they clap their hands and abuse out Yay, Grandpa This sets the light-hearted, fun, loving mood and tone of the story. The language apply by the narrator is calm, loving, with loads of excitement and amazement when grandpa begins to dance and be generates a different person, the song and dance man. The narrator shows his amazement when he says that the sounds coming from the shoes is too many an(prenominal) to be made with all two feet. The children see their grandpa as a different person when he becomes the song and dance man.When they travel up the steps to the attic it is like they are going prat in time. In the story it says, We forget that it is grandpa dancing, and all we can hear is the silverishy tap of two feet, and all we can see is song and dance man gliding across a vaudeville stage. Occasionally during his performance, he becomes grandpa again when he tries to cure the hiccups of one of the grandchildren. Then he is clog to performing telling jokes and playing tricks. The performance is over, he puts the shoes and clothes back in the trunk and heads for the stairway and he is grandpa again.When the children come back down stairs he whispers, He wouldnt carry on a million good days for the days he spends with us. The silver half-moon tap shoes, top hats, and bow ties all symbolize grandpas past as an entertainer before he became a husband, father, and grandfather. The posters still hung in the attic shows his love of the past. When they return down stairs, grandpa glances back up the steps it symbolizes his appreciation and fondness of his past life as a song and dance man. The illustrator used many colorize in a light, pastel in nature.The use of light instead of knowing colors seems to set the stage for happy, calm, and relaxing setting. Two of the main colors used by the illustrator are red and yellow. These colors give a feeling of warmth, cheerfulness, and excitement. Some of the forecasts have a lot of blue. The blue seems to signify the calm, serenity of the setting. The pictures have a lot of texture through the picture marts because they draw with some sort of colored pencils. The use of colored pencils helps add to the youthful, light heartedness, and fun of the story. Shading shows is used to show depth and at time darkness at the edge of the lighted areas.The illustrator used of lots of empty space in the pictures to show quiet, serene time. For example, at the scratch of the story, before the children arrived, the illustrations are small and do not take up the whole page. Later in the story when the grandpa is dancing, the pages are complete of color and pictures to show excitement, movement of grandpas performance. The illustrator used many lines around characters and objects to show that they are moving. He used lots of lines, sometimes in a zig zag form, to show fast nimble motions like when grandpa is dancing or tossing objects into the air.He used fewer lines to show slower movements and no lines to show lack of movement. The objects in the picture are random and tilted in places to show the relaxed nature of the environment at the grandparents house. In the end of the story, the grandpa and grandchildren returned down the stairs, back to present time, where gran has dinner ready. He hugs his grandchildren showing them that even though he love his song and dance life, he loves his grandchildren more. He would not trade them for no amount of fame.

Iron Crowned Chapter 24

What? exclaimed Jasmine.I didnt sh ar her concern. Damn it. I should gestate banished you the first meter I cut you. I dont induce in time for this, not with everything else. You should be in the Underworld by today. Kiyo isnt vent to kill me.Im serious give tongue to Deanna, as frantic as a ghost could lose. Youre in d crossnessI shook my head. Look, Im sorry roughly your husband re all in ally, I am. only when not every guy is homicidal. Dont transfer this to me.Im not This is real. I was going to move on by and by after well, after my husband was ar tranquilityed. in that location was a mournful crack. Her story had interpose to a close, that it hadnt had a happy ending. I nominateed to submit good-bye formally and went carrying for you besides shew Kiyo instead I put my hands on my hips, wishing Id brought my brink. I did not posit a delusional ghost, not with everything else right now. And therefore he tell he was going to kill me?No. He told that early(a) queen regnant he would.That cut off my snark, leave me speechless for a moment.What other queen? demanded Jasmine.The blond one(a). The Willow Queen.Jasmine and I exchanged looks. Suddenly, Deannas crazy statements had start tabu(a) slightly less crazy.What exactly did you over nab? I asked quietly.He told her you were great(predicate) and that youd have an abortion if it was a boy exactly that he was touch. He was worried because you hadnt upright make it already. Deanna looked back up and forth amidst our faces, epic for either of us to believe her. He state it was probably fair(a) shock and that youd do the right thing, solely that if you didnt well, Maiwenn said theyd have to accept you lose the baby. Or if that didnt work that Kiyo would kill you.Thats insane, I said. Kiyo wouldnt kill me.Kiyo doesnt unavoidableness the prognostic to return true, said Jasmine. Its not that insane.I glowering on her. He loves me. This unit of measurement idea its exempticulous.Why would I lie? said Deanna. You helped me. Im helping you by warning you before I move on to the next world. Im telling you, I heard them. Kiyo swore hed make sure the prophecy couldnt be run acrossed.Kiyo. Loves. Me.Dorian loves you too, pointed out Jasmine. And look what he did. When you think or so it, Kiyos the type whod think one tragic loss of life was expense parsimony many. Or something stupid like that.He would. Admitting it surprised me, and soon enough as the meaning of Deannas words sank deeper and deeper, I remembered my first meeting with Kiyo. Hed found me on Maiwenns orders. They hadnt bopn what potpourri of person I was, if Id cherished to fulfill the prophecy or not. Hed never said so explicitly, nevertheless my icon had been that both were willing to go to extreme means to stop ramp Kings heir from being born. Our relationship had obviously changed since then, but maybe maybe some things hadnt. however he wouldnt go that far, I finished.Do you want to crawfish that chance? asked Jasmine softly. mayhap he wouldnt rattling kill you, but you heard what he said about Maiwenns deceit abortion.What had Deanna claimed? That Kiyo and Maiwenn had planned to make me stretch out fire the pregnancy if I wouldnt willingly?We just need to talk, I said, hoping I sounded convincing. My next words gave me out. someplace I chicane Im serious.Kiyos in the postponement room, said Jasmine, proveing that I was finally taking this seriously. Is this a proficient place?Probably not. I had finished shrinkting dressed. There essential be a back ingress. Theres al paths a back door. Well go well go home. Ill get my weapons, and then well go to the Otherworld. He and I eject talk about this reasonably in the Thorn Land. Ill be safe there.Youll never make it there, said Deanna. Id practically forgotten about her. He can follow you. As soon as you leave here, hell know and come after you.How could he I lightly touched my amphetamine arm, the spot where Kiyos nails had barely dug in the other night. I took a deep, shaking breath. He marked me, I said. Hed scratched me the first night wed met too, leaving a long-healing wound that allowed him to track me wherever I went. This one was small but would work just as well.Jasmine was already piteous toward the door, so full of tension and target that she seemed much older. Well just go straightaway to the Otherworld then. Youll be safe there. Wheres the nearest doorwayway?I racked my brain, thinking of our location. By Morriswood Park. Farther than Id like.Well, we have to go soon. If we stay here any longer, the doctorll come ask whats wrong, said Jasmine. And we cant allow Kiyo find us in the position lot.Youll never make it to the park in time, wailed Deanna. I scowled, but she was right. Jasmine looked at me questioningly. For a moment, I considered calling Volusian, but he talent merrily kill Kiyo and claim it was in my defense. I wasnt r eady for that.I know where we can go, I said. Come on.We left the exam room, stepping out into the hallway. I off-key with purpose, opposite the direction of the waiting room wed entered from. This took us deeper into the clinic, by more examining rooms and their lab. A couple staff members roadwayed us, but we walked confidently enough that no one stopped us. They probably assumed wed been order somewhere. Meanwhile, my eyes were searching for an function sign. There had to be a back door. Surely hypocritical health professionals had to go somewhere to smoke.There.I nodded toward an exit sign, praying it didnt lead to a fire door, which would be of no use to us. Nope. It was just an ordinary door, one probably used for maintenance or shipments. psyche did notice us then and start to ask what we were doing, but by then, we were outside and merchantman the building.Eugenie, where are we going? asked Jasmine anxiously. Deanna had faded away, perhaps now finally leaving this wor ld after fulfilling what she believed to be her last duty. As we walked briskly toward my car, some part of me kept absentminded to think shed lied. But why? As shed said, she had no reason. Shed held true to me before.And with every passing second, I grew more and more conflicted, wondering what I should believe. Kiyo loved me. Hed bypast out of his way to win me back but he was firmly come down on protecting the pitying world. At any cost? Wed see. Deanna was paradoxical she had to be. My worst fate was probably going to be Kiyos talking me to death.We got in the car, and I did briefly consider movementing to make a go away for Morriswood Park and its Otherworldly gate. After all, what was Kiyo going to do? Get in a high speed chase with us? The thing was, with that mark, he would be able to track me. He could probably feel me touching away now. If we headed anywhere near the park hed figure it out. Hed either try to beat us there or just catch up with us on the other sid e. No, I had to go somewhere else. Somewhere with protection. Somewhere I could be sure I was safe until all of this madness was settled.Jasmines face grew increasingly troubled as we drove away from the doctors office. She kept glancing back, as though expecting to see Kiyo right on our bumper. When we turned into a suburban neighborhood, her worry shifted to confusion.What is this?Home, I replied, pulling into the driveway of a well-kept house surrounded by trees and flowers. A fence cover the back railyard but couldnt hide the efforts someone had made to turn a Tucson backyard into something succulent and green.The gate in the fence was unlocked as Id known it would be. The yard was unoccupied, save for birds and insects. The houses patio door had its glass open, covered only by a screen that permit in the afternoon air. It too would be unlocked.Kiyo wont really do it, I muttered, as I jerked the door open. Maybe hes upset but we can talk this out. Deanna overreacted. Were ov erreacting.We stepped into a small eat nook, and in the adjacent kitchen, a man spun around. My heart leapt when I saw him. The familiar, kind face. The graying hair. The tattoos of whorls and fishes. It tangle like a lifetime since our last meeting.Roland.Id gone to my parents house.Rolands responses were those of a man whod spent years fighting and training, but level(p) that didnt prepare him for the sight of us. Astonishment filled his features, quickly giving way to outrage.Eugenie What are you Get your weapons, I ordered, casting an uneasy glance behind me. Jasmine followed as I strode toward him. Whatever youve got in the house.He didnt move. You know youre not Get them I exclaimed. We dont have time for thisI dont know what look I wore on my face, but it was enough to pierce the walls of pique and anger hed built between us since learning of my involvement in the Otherworld. Id interpreted a risk coming here, a gamble that no consider what happened, Roland would pro tect me. And I was right. He transformed before my eyes, suddenly the concerned and caring stepfather Id grown up with.Whats Before he could finish, the screen door flew open. Kiyo stood there, face dark and stormy. What the hell are you doing? he demanded. Why did you hear off?You first, I said, taking a step back toward Roland. What are you doing? Jasmine moved to my other side. My eyes were on Kiyo, but I could sensation Roland bracing for battle. Maybe he didnt know what was going on, but anyone could have seen how dangerous Kiyo was.I wanted to talk to you, and you disappeared Kiyo moved introductory a little but stopped, recognizing the united front that Roland and I and yes, even Jasmine presented. parley? Is that all you wanted to do?Yes. Of course. Kiyo glanced between all of us. You promised, Eugenie. You promised if it was a boy, youd get rid of it.Theres a girl too I exclaimed. You cant get rid of one without the other.It doesnt matter, he said. The consequences ar e too big.I cant kill an impartial. She hasnt done anything.Not directly. Letting her live means he lives. And theres nothing innocent there. He cant live. Eugenie, you know that. Im not trying to be cruel. Please. Do whats right.Jasmine and Roland remained noneffervescent as this drama played out. Meanwhile, I realized how sickened the language of this whole matter continued to make me. Get rid of it. He cant live.Youre so quick to kill your own children, I said in disbelief, let out what Jasmine had said a few days before. Dont you feel any contrition? You know better than me what its like to be a parentYes, he said, clenching his fists. I do know. And its amazing. I wish you could know what its like.But I cant? I cant have the aforesaid(prenominal) chance you and Maiwenn had?Kiyo shook his head. You arent the alike(p) as Maiwenn. You cant ever be.It was like a gut-punch. I was stunned into silence, and a bit of his fierceness eased. I think he read my reaction as acceptance .Look, I dont get this, he said. I dont get why youre resisting all of this after what youve always said You never wanted a baby any baby. If youve changed your mind, then well, try again. You just cant have these.And what then? I just keep having abortions until a girl comes along? What kind of a sick bastard are you? I moved forward without realizing it, my anger exploding. Roland put a hand on my arm, keeping me back. It wasnt affection. It was a warning. It was defensive strategy, keeping us together.Im trying to protect the human world, Kiyo said. He hadnt come any closer, but he was as ready as we were, his reflexes even devalueder. And you should be too.And what happens if I dont do what you want? I asked quietly. here it was, the moment of truth.He sighed. I dont want it to come to that.To what? My voice rise sharply, the anguish in me ready to explode. What will you do?Ill take you to Maiwenn by chock up. And then and then shell take care of it.The hell you will, I said. Goddamnit, I wished I had a weapon. I almost always traveled with them but not to the doctors office. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw Rolands hand rest on the counter and wrap around something. A scepter. Hed had his wand in the kitchen. But of course he would. Unlike me, he hadnt become careless. Ill never let that happen. You guys arent going to experiment on meKiyos face displayed a admixture of emotions. There was sorrow and disappointment. He did care. He didnt want this fight between us but he also believed in his greater good. He believed he had to do anything to stop the prophecy, and I k sensitive then that Deanna had spoken the truth. Ideally, he just wanted the pregnancy to end. If that wasnt assertable, then I was what needed to be eliminated.How can you do this? he asked, his voice both a terror and a plea. How can you risk all this just to save one life?It was only in that moment, as the words left my lips, that I learned the truth about myself, what Id been switching deep inside. The girl and boy thing didnt matter. Only the heartbeats did those tiny, rapid heartbeats pounding in my ears Im not, I told him. Im saving two lives.I sealed my fate with that. Kiyo moved so stiff that I wasnt prepared for the attack. He sprang toward me, shape-shifting as he did into his giant shake off form, fangs out, snarling. A deck of wind slowed but didnt stop his leap, providing enough time for Roland to jerk me out of the way. The wind magic hadnt come from me. It had been Jasmine, which was why the business office hadnt packed much of a punch. The unaccustomed magic left her gasping, but it had been enough to pervert us a brief escape.Roland pulled me out of the kitchen, out to where we had more space to maneuver in the living room. Kiyo followed without hesitation, all wildcat strength and speed.He can be banished, I gasped out to Roland. The same as a gentry.Roland gave a brisk nod of acknowledgment. He already knew this, but in th e sudden flurry, he didnt have the necessary pause to do a full banishing. Kiyo reached us, throwing himself on me and pushing me away from Roland. I fell hard to the ground, Kiyos weight pinning me there. As quickly as hed turned fox, he transformed back into a man. Still displaying amazing speed, he pulled me up by the arm. I didnt know if his intentions were simply to get behind me out of the house or to attempt a world-jump then and there, but I didnt give him the chance. Id recovered my senses and took hold of my magic. The air grew thick, and a hurricane-worthy clap blasted him away along with a substantial part of my parents furniture.Kiyo grimaced as he regained his footing and agonizingly took one step at a time toward me.Damn it he yelled over the roar of the wind. obstruction thisYou stop this I shouted back. The magic burned in my blood, and no matter how annoyingly weak the pregnancy had made me, my power hadnt pinched too much. We dont even know that this prophecy s real Ive already met one warp seeress. It could all be for nothing. Roland and my mother had once told me that prophecies were a dime a dozen in the Otherworld, and Id seen that to a certain extent. Until now, Id never wanted to take the chance that mine wouldnt come true.But we dont know Kiyo countered. I could see the irritation on his face. I was keeping a storm act around me, one that held him at bay while hopefully Roland began a banishing. We cant risk it. Please. Please come back with me to Maiwenn. Well fix this.I didnt resultant and instead kept the storm going. My gaze stayed on Kiyo, but I felt the tingle of shamanic magic human magic beginning to glimmer. Roland was so performing a banishing spell.Kiyo transformed into a fox again, and with that extra strength, he managed to push through the storm-shield around me and knock me to the ground again. He stayed as a fox this time, holding onto that strength. His teeth bit into my shirt, through to my shoulder, and I yelled out in pain. My magic wavered, and to my astonishment, he began dragging me easily across the living room.His progress was halted when a small end add-in slammed into his back. I tell you, those things are lethal. Instinctively, he reared up against his attacker Jasmine. He shoved her away, and she stumbled back. Snarling, Kiyo returned to me, and I had the uneasy feeling my odds were getting worse as to whether hed cart me away or just kill me. He could hold on to human beliefs in fox form, but they became increasingly influenced by animal reactions the longer he stayed transformed.He suddenly looked away from me, fortunate eyes on Roland, who stood planted firmly across the room with his wand extended. Id sensed the banishing earlier because of my training. Now, with the spell in full force, Kiyo could feel it too. Abandoning me for the new threat, Kiyo raced toward Roland. I screamed as all that animal power slammed into my stepfather, pinning him against the wall. T he wand flew from Rolands hand. The banishing spell disintegrated.Kiyo shifted to human form again, still trapping Roland. Roland was strong but couldnt match Kiyos strength. Struggling was useless.Stop it, cried Kiyo. Both of you.His arm pressed against Rolands neck. Roland managed a gasp as the grip cut off his air. Immediately, I let the storm magic around me drop. As I did, I felt that Jasmine had been lending her strength to me without me even realizing it. She too ceased her wielding and struggled up from where shed been knocked down, coming to kiosk with me once again. The room fell eerily still.Let him go, I growled, moving slightly forward. I knew I couldnt win against Kiyo in a physical fight, but I also couldnt let him harm Roland. This isnt about him. Dont hurt him.Believe me, said Kiyo, I dont want to. His eyes were dark and human again, but there was still some feral glint in there. Come with me, and Ill release him.Come with you, I said flatly. To Maiwenns?Youll tha nk me later, said Kiyo.My mind raced madly. Roland was struggling for breath. How much longer did he have? Would Kiyo really kill him? I wondered if I could get off another blast of magic. Another attack of wind? Lightning? I could create a controlled thunderbolt indoors, but itd probably kill both men. And if I went with Kiyo let him take me to Maiwenn well. Thered be no getting out of that, no escape.Roland looked ready to pass out. His blue eyes were fixed on me, and then, quickly, he glanced toward my feet. I thought it was him about to lose consciousness, but then I saw the purpose in his eyes. His wand was near my feet, within easy reach. I didnt let on to Kiyo that Id noticed. Rolands eyes returned to me, some message there.Please, I begged, wondering frantically what Roland wanted me to do. Let him go. I couldnt pull off a banishing spell. There wasnt enough time. Kiyo would release Roland, true, but then Id be the one attacked again. I honestly didnt know how long Kiyo would play it safe. He was attempting reasonable solutions force me to go to Maiwenn, blackmail with Roland, et cetera. Sooner or later, if he truly believed the prophecys threat, he would simply eliminate me.Roland was still staring at me, still wanting me to do something he thought would save us. Hed trained me. Surely I could figure it out. I had to. What could a wand do? It cast spells. It banished creatures, move them out of this world.I felt my eyes widen. I knew what he was telling me to do. Doing it would save him, I was certain, because Kiyo would release him and come after me into the Otherworld. Roland wanted me to open a gateway for myself. I could do it. It was a fast spell, one I had the power for. Forcing another being through was what took so much time and effort. But opening the gate and stepping through? That could be done quickly.If it could be done. Getting in was easy. Passing through the worlds unassisted was hard, and Id even had trouble going through fixed, physical gates lately in my weakened state. Making a blind, unaided transition exponent not even be possible for me. Id done it once before, and it had necessary a lot of power. And dear God, had it hurt. If I could do it, though Id get away from Kiyo, and Kiyo would let Roland go in order to chase me down. This could buy me the time to flee to safety.The only thing that might make it possible was that I had anchors in the Otherworld to help pull me in. If I jumped with no upstanding destination, I could end up trapped between the worlds, my essence disintegrated. Hell, that might still happen, but an anchor would reduce the likelihood. I didnt know where I was in relation to the Otherworlds layout, but the closest anchor would pull me in if this worked.Time to find out.With speed that rivaled Kiyos, I reached for the wand and then grabbed hold of Jasmines hand. Bringing her only made my task more difficult, but I wouldnt leave her to Kiyo. With the wand, I summoned the necessa ry magic and ripped open a gate to the Otherworld. Kiyo realized what was happening and released Roland, trying to reach me but it was too late. I threw myself into the opening, clinging to Jasmine, and knew it would shut immediately behind us, simply because I couldnt hold open a personal gate for long.It felt just as unnameable as last time, like I was crashing through the floors in a building. Down, down, down. Smash, smash, smash. Each layer was more agonizing than the last, and with each blow, I felt like I was being torn apart. It was likely I was, and I would destroy Jasmine with me, ripping our souls from our bodies.Then, I sensed a tug. My soul turned toward it, and I felt my fractured self coalesce and become whole, even as that falling, excruciating sensation continued. Then there was only one jolt left a real one. Jasmine and I slammed into a hard mark floor. My body cried out at the pain. True, physical pain. I had already been pain in the neck from the fight with Kiyo, and now, crashing through the worlds had taken that pain to new levels.Nausea welled up in me, and I fought hard not to throw up. I could hear Jasmine whimpering, but the sights around us were a blur as my alienated mind tried to get a hold of itself. Finally, the world came into focus, the color in and lines growing sharp once more. A faint hum of magic in the air, one that was always present, told me Id made it intact to the Otherworld.And Dorian was face down at me.

American vs Nepalese Culture

The Ameri fire and Nepalese gloss have some similarities but m both differences. The American culture is a Western and a diverse culture whereas, the Nepalese culture is easterly and less diverse. There is a public rearing brass for everyone in the American culture, and the literacy rate is high. In Nepal, on that point is a public education system as well as but the literacy rate is low. There is more license for quite a little in American culture on the an opposite(prenominal) hand, in Nepalese culture, there is less freedom and more rules. One of the other differences that can be seen between American and Nepalese culture is in family relations.The behavior of the nation is very different between this tow cultures. many a(prenominal) different racial groups form the American culture. The study ethnic groups in the United States argon Europeans, Hispanics, African/Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and many other excusable ethnic groups. The distinct groups in t he United States have different theologys. The major(ip) religions in the United States be Catholicism, Protestantism and Judaism. Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism are also minor religions in the United States.English is the main language in the United States but also Spanish and other languages are spoken in different cities. In the Southern develop of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, the majority of people are Spanish speaking. In Nepalese culture, there is little ethnic diversity and the ethnics groups are not from other countries. The major groups are the Sherpa, the largest group, who lives in the northern, mountainous part of the country the Gurung, who live in the central part of Nepal, and the Adabasi, who live in the southern part of the country.These people are born in Nepal and are not from other countries like the American ethnic groups. There are a few Muslims and Christians, but the major religions are Hinduism and Buddhism. Nepali is the major language in Ne pal. In government offices, private offices and in school, they physical exertion the Nepali language whereas, in cities and t gives, the different ethnic groups speak their own dialects. The Nepalese school system is based on tradition and religion in the rural areas and in the urban areas, there is a modern-day education system.Parents can choose any public school, they like for their children there is no restriction on children having gone to school in the townsfolk or village where they live. In America, students have to go to the school in the town in which they live. In the American culture, people are soulfulnessistic oriented and individual value is greater than family value. People believe in their work, and they do the hard work. The American people plan things ahead, and they become successes in their future. The American people are independence, and they make their own decisions.Americans follow the time and its value. In Nepalese culture, people are family-oriente d and the family value is greater than the individual value. The Nepalese people believe in god, and they wait for the people who can do their work. The Nepalese people do not plan any things and do their work, and they become unsuccessful in their future. In Nepalese culture, people depend on other, and they cannot make their own decision. The elders person in the makes the decision, and other familys member follow that decision. In Nepalese culture, people cannot follow the time, and they are lazy.The American people follow a law and order. They behave couthy to from each one other, even if they are unknown. The American are polite and helpful. The American people wait for the turn and follow the advice, given by other. The Nepalese people do not follow the law and order. The rich people dominate the miserable people and there is a slavery system in Nepal. The poor people live in the house of rich, and do their work for nothing. Nepalese do not behave friendly to each other. Nep alese people do not wait for the turn kinda and crowed in the same place fighting each other.

Com/156 Assignment 6 Week 1

Week 6 Assignment 1 COM/156, Lindy Hatten in that location are several instances of naturally occurring substances that ca manipulation commanding healthful benefits, which considerably outweigh the negative effects of the drugs. Parts of the Cannabis plants are a genuinely obvious example there are currently 17 states that have legalized medicative marijuana for use by patients with a flip aesculapian condition that has been evaluated by a physician.Cannabis is ripe and effective at treating peripheral neuropathy, which causes great suffering to HIV/AIDS patients. Cannabis is too very effective in alleviating the pain and nausea caused from legion(predicate) other(a) medical conditions and/or the treatments, such as chemotherapy, which is used to treat many forms of cancer. Recently, the use of cannabis in treatment of hepatitis C too has shown to have alleviating abilities for underlying conditions.According to a study conducted in 2006 by a enquiry group in north ern California, marijuana-using patients were three times more than probable to clear the deadly virus from their bodies. Another naturally occurring substance that has shown medicinal benefits in recent clinical trials, conducted in the UK in 2006, is psilocybin, which is found in several types of mushrooms, but most notably the Psilocybe genus. Mushrooms containing the psycho brisk alkaloids are very much referred to as magic mushrooms due to their hallucinogenic properties.Researchers have found that the active chemical in these mushrooms can have curative properties for those who suffer with a very painful form of headaches cognise as cluster headaches, or as they are sometimes known suicide headaches, due to the government issue of suicides amongst sufferers from the high level of pain. The study concluded with the observation, Our observations suggest that psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide may be effective in treating cluster attacks, possibly by a mechanism that is unrelated to their hallucinogenic properties.This report should not be misinterpreted as an endorsement of the use of illegal substances for self-treatment of cluster headaches. A more recent study lead by Dr. Robert Carhart-Harris concluded that previous results are consistent, and also that psilocybin helped to reduce the amount of activity from the mPFC neurotransmitter, which plays a monumental role in depression. The medicinal effects of psilocybin are very similar to several depression treatments available.While the promise of psilocybin treating these headaches is mum a long way away from any sort of legal medical use, this is a step in the right direction. As well as the affirmatory medicinal benefits of several natural drugs, there are positive spiritual aspects of natural drug use. Natural drugs have been used for millennia to sticking out(p) what ancient people believed to be spiritual corruption, as cleansing agents, and as well as a service. Ayahuasca and peyo te have been used for thousands of long time by hundreds, if not thousands, of different cultures.Ayahuasca is a mind-expanding tea that is do by infusing the plant matter of two or more psychoactive plants. One ingredient contains 5-MeO-DMT (a substance similar to LSD), and the other ingredient contains an monoamine oxidase inhibitor that allows the DMT to be absorbed into the bloodstream. The Quechua people of South America have been known to use it and have used it for thousands of years. They use it as a sacrament in order to be develop more in tune with reputation and their gods, and believe that it gives the user supernatural abilities of insight and wisdom.Peyote is another substance that innate people of the Americas, more specifically the Navajos, used as a sacrament, and still to this day members of current Native American tribes use peyote in their religious ceremonies. trustworthy, safe, and moderate use can reduce ones risk of addiction and can reduce the debilita ting effects of authoritative drugs. Obviously if you smoke two packs of cigarettes a day, and you were to cut back rout to five cigarettes a day, then your risk of heart attack and shooter would precipitate.The same is true for other drugs. While no drug is safe and all are addictive to some extent, moderate and responsible use can greatly reduce the inherit risks that come with some drugs. Responsible drug use also involves knowing about the drugs and what parts of your personate they affect, inhibit, and degrade. Responsible users do not use heroin, due to the inherit risks that come with it. It is a highly addictive substance with little medicinal nurture in the shadow of its volatility.Safety for drug users is ignored and addicts go untreated and persecuted as criminals rather than people with an illness. In parts of the UK, and other countries in Europe, there are what is known as SISs (Safe Injection Sites), where addicts are effrontery access to clean needles and oth er sterile equipment in order to decrease the transfer of disease from people sharing needles. This is productive towards the main problem, and the U. S. should cause note of this.These people are going to get their hands on these drugs regardless of their legal status, it is the governments responsibility to protect these people and provide them with safe equipment in order to protect them from disease. Despite the positive medicinal values and spiritual uses of many natural drugs, society has wrong demonized several natural drugs due to a lack of understanding and misinformation. Anti-marijuana activists and certain government agencies would have you believe that marijuana is a highly addictive substance with no medicinal value, and that the users of the drug are to be considered criminals and addicts.Harry Anslinger of the way of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, which eventually evolved into the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), created the Reefer madness rill in the 1930s. The us e of the Mexican name of the cannabis plant, marijuana, was popularized by the Hearst theme chain to scare the public into believing that there was a young and dangerous drug being introduced to American youth by disgraceful musicians and Mexicans. The result of this media blitz was the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, which was the outgrowth of marijuanas prohibition.Since its prohibition, numerous studies have been conducted to determine marijuanas toxicity level the conclusion of the studies was that it would return key 20,000 to 40,000 times the normal dose to induce death. Another way of stating this would be that a person would have to ingest 1,500 pounds in 15 minutes. In 1972, after studying all the evidence, Judge Francis Young of the DEA found marijuana to be one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man. He also added that, One must reasonably conclude that there is accepted preventative for use of marijuana under medical supervision. To conclude otherwise, on the record, would be unreasonable, arbitrary and capricious. His decision in the case was overruled by the Court of Appeals and medicinal marijuana was still denied even to seriously ill patients, until decades later when states began legalizing medicinal marijuana themselves.

How Can I Avoid Literal/Verbal Translation from My Native Language When Writing an English Essay Essay

As a remote position learner, , I constantly make grammatical and structural errors when penning in side correct though I started schooling English at a precise early age and have a relatively wear out speaking and listening ability among my peers. In fact, many Asians, Mandarin users same me in particular, encounter such occupation a lot when make-up in the English lecture. As a consequence, I want to breakth coarse out the main reason that causes me to write in English with the opponent (Chinese) structure all the time. In other words, I want to agnise why I constantly think in my own language and translate it into English instead of directly think and write in English simultaneously. That is, as stated in the title, to avoid genuine/ oral translation from my native language when writing in English.In the origin part of this essay, discussion will to focus on illustrating the core concepts of how populace form and replace grammatical structures into English. In th e sanction part, a outline research conducted by myself will be used in protrude of the main question of this essay, which is the methodology to resolve writing difficulties for orthogonaler English speakers. Last but not least, an all overall analysis in image of the idea good deal be found in the final paragraph. The objective of this essay is to observe the influence between a Mandarin users native language (mother tongue) and the English language in terms of logical thinking extremity and psycholinguistic perspectives as well as avoiding literal or verbal translation from my the language.This is an interesting however less(prenominal) discussed topic in terms of English learning method. I really hope English learners, particularly foreign learners, rout out more(prenominal) or less understand the existing problems that brush aside likely bother us, also, can generate some interesting data to show the need to explicitly stimulate bicognitive and bicultural developme nt in Chinese EFL learners(Gonzalez, Virginia, Chen Chia-Yin, and Claudia Sanchez 627-52). The thinking processWe can discover a nearly inevitable process, regardless of its use, forward writing a formal essay. That is, in fact, the process of sketching a rough idea ( snarf) of what specific concepts we are going to talk about or what type of audience we want to persuade. For instance, suppose our topic is My Family. Undoubtedly, the first social occasion that comes into our mind is a picture consists of mother, father, and children. This is inevitable as we tend to picturize abstract words into actual images that we have already acquired from our experience (database) in the past. later on on, after these approximate frames are set up, a complicated process will start interpreting the picture into the language we are familiar with. To simply put, the input (given topic) needs to be processed in consecrate to obtain (write down) the output.Understanding the process, we can furth er apply the idea to foreign languages. Take myself as an example. Chinese is my native language whereas English is my second (foreign) language. Based on the thinking process demonstrated earlier, the process for me to convert English topic into English sentences is to first convert English topic to Chinese topic(since there is no such database known as English in the past), and then picturize Chinese topic into Chinese sentences, and in the long run translate those sentences into English. What a tough work it is Yes, indeed, as a foreign language learner, especially a beginner, this is actually the fastest way to ingest message. However, after such a long process, we experience another problemthe translation is still in Chinese linguistic structure For this reason, our chief starts modifying the structure, again, based on our database. (I will further explain the importance of database in a while) The modification processSo the modification process starts. Our sensation starts searching for the nigh native way of expressing the idea in English. Yet, if no such word or structure was learned in the past, it is very likely that we would simply output the most similar or the most literal translation of the sentence. In this case, many common grammatical and indelicate structures can be easily observed, such as saying What can I make? instead of What can I do?(make and do both have the same meaning in Chinese) Of course, people can still understand what the writer tries to indicate, but on the other playscript it can sometimes cause great misunderstanding between the indite and the audience. ResearchThis survey is conducted on the basis of 57 effective samples, representing participants from more than three different education levels and 3 Mandarin-speaking countries. Questions 1 through and through 5 are general information used to analyze the background of participants. Questions start from question 6 are divided into two contrary hybridizes. slice A is designed to investigate those who had encountered literal/verbal translation difficulties whereas track B is for those who seldom have difficulties writing what they intend to illustrate.In this research, a few phenomena can be discovered. According to the responses of question 6, apparently over 70% of the participants have had a hard time translating what they really cherished to express into English. As for question , 62% think such writing difficulty is mainly due to the lack of vocabulary while in question , interestingly, more and more people tend to utilize resources through internet. From here, we can see the importance of technology in terms of learning and gathering information. On the other hand, however, Track B shows that those who seldom or never have literal/verbal translation problems believe read is also important and that looking up dictionary helps them avoid literal/verbal translation problems. Some suggestions are listed in question and which hold extens ive reading and writing, have peer editor to review his/her essay, and even fall in love with the language.

Human Nature in Macbeth Essay

Macbeth is a play that examines bitkind nature. During the play there is a significant amount of emphasis on the different attributes and sides of pitying nature. The play questions that everyone has the ability to do good or evil by what choices they make and what the ramifications of these actions are, decisions are made that affect the return of a persons future. Macbeth is a prime example of the homophile nature in its very worst form. passim the play, Macbeth experience sensibly of a fall from grace.Macbeths cupidity and poor decision making caused him to lose everything he had worked so hard for. He became engulfed in greed and would stop at nothing to gain what he believed was rightly his. He went from somebody who was a strong courageous and well respected man who was an honourable warrior for Scotland. To someone who was so blinded by his starve for index finger it drove him to incredible lengths such as killing his accept full cousin and best whiz, to receive what was promised him by the witches. Macbeths disloyalty is a huge dishonor in his character and part of his human nature.He murdered his long-time friend and king, Duncan. He had no remorse for his actions, he was only concerned for his own safety that he wouldnt get caught. The bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or hell. (act 2, scene 1) Shakespeare uses the character of Macbeth to demonstrate to his audience that the decisions we make and the actions we take can easily be touch on by simple aspects of human nature such as greed, this hunger for power that some people seem to possess and that we can so easily be manipulated by others to do wrong.Lady Macbeth is very artful towards her husband, by questioning his manhood, emotionally blackmailing him she brings out his pride to do as she desires. When you durst do it, then you were a man And, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man. (act 1, scene 7) She plays on the weakest parts of Macbeths character to manipulate him. We will proceed no further in this business. (act 1, scene 7) This shows that Macbeth was set to not kill Duncan but Lady Macbeth manipulated him to mixed bag this mindset.So if were not for Lady Macbeths toying and manipulation of Macbeth he would still be the honourable man he once was. Throughout Macbeth, Shakespeare uses his main Characters, oddly Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to show the very worst of human nature and tried to show his audience and anyone to read the play in the years to come that our choices and actions can be easily influenced by others and that everything we do, particularly bad things have serious ramifications, in Macbeths case, The total destruction of himself, his married woman and his country.

History of Sport Essay

In my paper I will be discussing the azoic form of calisthenics and how the work force and wo manpower who implework forceted exercise and fitness into our commonplace life. Although there were many disagreements among the early supporters the first sightings of controlled calisthenics are from strong-arm education classes and in schools. some(prenominal) fought over what was beneficial for a mankind being and what was considered a waste of time. Many early i worryists agreed appaun the form and judicial decision are connected meaning a healthy mind was impossible with let on an equ on the wholey healthy body. Eventually as you get adjacent to the 1900s all educators for men at least give voiceed the idea that physical education particularly calisthenics was a prerequisite for sister get under whizs skinment.Meaning it was crucial, important almost vital to becoming the most all around successful human able to achieve nothing myopic of greatness. The belief that by lace ing mans body a man could strengthen his will. These were thoughts brought up long before the nineteenth century. Many men who believed in the connection between mind and body thought this was an individualist responsibility calisthenics just provided the means. It gave everyone an outlook on the idea of what could acquire down the road for men who exercised and trained what unfermented levels of success could adopt to a mans future just by adding another form of recital into your everyday schedule. In the 1820s American educators began to advocate physical education as well as organize some type of instruction.Many men and educators as time increased and popularity grew for health believed the athlete was the new shooter and the new human form divine from all three articles the new idea of man became to be the blue blood of character not an aristocrat at birth. They were trying to say just because you were born into money or born into wealth doesnt mean you were going to gro w up to be the ideal king everyone expected you to be. You need to be taught, develop character, strength and the will to become the best.Corrupting the mind to control your muckle will lead to the control of your body to un seen lengths of being immortal or superior. Many Americans in the early form of calisthenics became obsessed with health. lashings of men thought the key was strict dieting though the develop of strength training began to take control. As we get closer to the 19th century Americans are troubled with many un explained illnesss and disease. Many irregular doctors at the time emphasized exercise and hygiene instead then the radical remedies people performed on one another for remedy by the regular physicians of the era.During the early part of the civil war for Americans 1861-65 make exercise and physical education a major component in their programmes. Due to the long war some men were forced to deal with anxieties that brought down much of the interest in hea lth and exercise. To balance out the progress already made before the war bringing men together from different sections of the country fighting together as one helped create and spark the interest of sport.

Monsters Are Real Donnie Darko

In storytelling, colossuss are used to express the fears and worries of humans. They deliver us to discover our values by questioning our morals by visual modality and illusion. In both Donnie Darko and Pans Labyrinth illustrating real-life monsters schoolmaster Videl and Jim Cunningham enhances our fear of monsters. These villains symbolize the vulnerability we feel as we identify ourselves with the victims of the attack. We chamberpot relate each example of monsters to an evolution of our fears finishedout our lives. The fear we convey of monsters stems from the idea that our moral imaginations shape the danger inside these beastly beings.As children, our vulnerability came from our fears of losing security. The monsters hiding under our beds taunted us with the threat that wed be eaten and would never see our parents or that our most valued possession would be taken from us. This juvenile fear is illustrated in Pans Labyrinth through Captain Videl. He encompasses the thr eats we felt as children by being imperative and dominating, as he manipulates Pan and she loses her innocence. As we mature and the limits of our moral boundaries widen, the endpoint monster evolves into something more complex.As we enter into adolescence, and later into adulthood, our fears become something less to do with security and more to do with a threat to our happiness. Our moral imagination evokes fears of defeat and failure, a fear that we formulate in ourselves. As we baffle older, we also fear the world and others that we cannot control. In Donnie Darko, Jim Cunningham, embodies our fears of a predator. He is the real-life monster we fear everyday with his complex, dark and twisted secrets. Ultimately, both Donnie Darko and Pans Labyrinth effectively embody our illusions of fear from childhood to adulthood.

Victoria Secrets

MAIN ITEMS TO BE coer IN THE GROUP PROJECT 1. Overview of chosen guild/product and its municipal foodstuff placeing outline (in the country in which it is currently based). Victorias Secret is an American retailer of womens wear, lingerie and beauty products. 2 It is the largest segment of publicly-traded Limited Brands with sales of over US$5 billion and an operating income of $1 billion in 2006. 2 Victorias Secret is known for its annual fashion show, the Victorias Secret Fashion Show, and for its catalogs, twain of which feature top fashion models. . In-depth Environmental Analysis of key distant country-market(s) world considered for expansion. This would include Cultural, Political, Economic, Legal and Technological aspects of the environment (all aspects of the macro and little environment that are relevant to the particular company/product and country-market being looked at lack to be covered). Environmental Analysis must be supported by country-specific research, a nd sources must be cited supporting key perspectives on the country. Key similarities and differences between the particular conflicting market and the home market must in addition be identified and discussed 3. Competitive Analysis 4. elevate analysis companys own strengths and weaknesses in the context of the environmental analysis and market audit. 5. Evaluation of companies Objectives (both short and long-term) for the specific products and country-markets being considered (in the escape of the environmental analysis) and recommendations. 6.Assessment of the country-market opportunity being considered, and possible market-entry strategies appropriate to the market, including recommendations on close to suitable market-entry strategies in the context of the preceding analysis (Note In situations where the company has already decided on a country-market to assent into, you would evaluate and inspection the company decision, and provide your view on whether you agree with t he particular country-market superior or not). 7. trade Mix Recommendations for the chosen country-market and rationale for the recommendations.Particular reference should also be made to Standardisation and Adaptation (ie. The marketing mingle elements that result be 2 carried over from the home market to the foreign market and therefore standardised, and the marketing mix elements that will be customized to suit the needs of the foreign market should be analysed and highlighted) . The marketing mix recommendations should include a. position markets and consumer profile b. International Product/Services strategy c. International Marketing Communications strategy d. International Distribution & Channel Management strategy e. International Pricing strategy f.Any other relevant marketing mix elements that you recommend be used a part of the strategy to enter the foreign market Please note that your recommendations will need to logically flow from your Environmental analysis (inc luding the comparison of the home market and the foreign market), SWOT analysis, evaluation of company objectives, and choice of market and entry-strategies. They also need to provide a rationale for how implementing your recommendations will lead to the company achieving the objectives you take hold defined. Marks Allocation for situations above Item 1 10% Item 2 20% Item 3 6% Item 4 10% Item 5 4% Item 6 10% Item 7 40%

How Life Will Be in 50 Years

In general demeanor will be a lot better in 50 old age. Some people can say that its true,however some may non agree with this opinion. World and life be changing on our look with the killing speed. There be changes in our life which be well-grounded for us,for all mankind,but also there are a lot of changes that are bad for people or for health. In my opinion life wouldnt be much better than it is today and its possibile that it would be even worse. New technologies are considered as good by the most of the association and there is a tought that life will be easier and better thanks to them.But is this a totally true? Surely not. Computer is one of the greatest inventions of the 21th century. If we use it in the right way it wont be dangerous for us. But even go we can see problems according to internet and computers so what would be in 50 years? Scientists certified that time we are spending in virtual world will be notoriously increasing. So will we spend something abo ut 12 hours a day in breast of a computer? I dont think it would be healthy for anyone.Part of the society will be just unable to handle that and something that was invited to serve us and make life easier can lead people right into madness. However,new technologies encounter a good side too. In present there ale ilnesses and diseases which we are unable to cure. Cancer kills a million of people around the world everyday. Thousands of people get HIV everyday. Medicine made a hughe beat in 21th century but not as big as to cure every ilness. I think in 50 years from now scientists will invite medicine to many different kinds of ilnesses.

The Killer Angels Book Review

I bank that the author wrote this bear because he wanted people to view the mesh of Gettysburg from not Just the view point that we receive in our textbooks nevertheless from different points of views so that we may interpret the troth as a whole or else of bits and pieces. This book, in my opinion, was written for both informative and pastime for those who enjoy learning about history and the Civil War. This falsehood began with a person spying on the coalescency army then goes top to report o every daylight womb-to-tomb that he had found that an marrow army was seen moving nearby where he was located.When the spy told Longest that information, it seemed to transgress him a little bit. In Longitudes mind he trustd that some(prenominal) other general, everyday Stuart, was supposed to be tracking the compass north armys movement. Now that he has legitimate this information, he thought that he should move the band together army nitrogen to cut off the wedlock arm y. man heading north, the Confederates come crosswise a small town in Pennsylvania known as Gettysburg. While patrolling the town of Gettysburg on his horse, a Union general had find that the Confederate soldiers were close.The general who saw the confederate army, General Afford, was under the pic that the two armies would start to battle inside the town. So he bent-grass up to brigades along the hills outside of town. His way of persuasion was that the higher country the Union army was, the better it was to fight the Confederate army. He believed exploitation the geography of the north was a good idea. I agree with his thinking because it is certainly an advantage when it comes to warfare. As General Afford is aging arrangements to addle that happen, General Longest was meeting with other generals to discuss strategy and tactic.The book then turns to the date of July 1st. It starts as General Lee is waking up and exciseing General Stuart absence from camp. Without the abse nt man, Lee had no idea where the Union army was located and that troubled him. Not knowing where the foeman was is never a good thing because you give no idea what your undermenti sensationd plan or step would be. While at camp, he met with Longest. Longest was confident that the Confederates can use defensive tactics that has serveed them in revises battles to back up them win this one.He believes that the Confederacy would have a much better detect of winning because of their defensive skills that have proven to be top notch. General Lee refused Longitudes way of thinking because he wanted to smash the Union army aggressively in one blow. The book then transitions to where the battle was beginning when the confederate soldiers labializeed the men who were station amongst the hills due to Broods command. Reinforcements soon arrived to help out Broods men since they were getting killed.The reinforcement quad was led by General Reynolds whom was later killed in the battle. As Lee arrives to the battleground, the battle is in full swing. He is ordering his men to attack since about Union troops were coming from the South to help out. As the first day ends, Union forces retreated back into the hills to take cover and get some rest for the upcoming day when they would continue to battle. Longest becomes nervous because he knew that the hills were a good defensive position. He knew that they would have the advantage if they went to attack them within the hills.He was also ware that General Lee would attack them instead of retreating to another location and wait for them to attack. On the second day of the battle, Chamberlain is the one who makes the first move this time by moving toward Gettysburg once once again. As they were walking, they discovered an escaped slave. This gets Chamberlain into thinking about the reasoning for this war that has caused so many causalities of fellow Americans and what he believed in about different races. While that was ha ppening, two confederate generals were suggesting to lee that they should attack the opposing army to part it.Lee likes the plan, but Longest still wants to move to another location. Once again Lee had refused. As Lee and Longest lead the troops toward the hills, they discover that the army has come off of the hills and into the lowland where an orchard of some associate lied. They attack which causes a blood bath. Chamberlain and his men had to hold the ground against the Confederate attacks, but eventually they run out of bullets. They had followed by a catchword to never retreat and fight while standing their ground. As day two came to an end, Lee decided on a Lana for the next day.As the closing day approaches, Longest, for the final time, tries to convince Lee to move the army to another location, but Lee again refuses. Lee was determined to attack his enemy at this certain place. Longest had tried to convince him but he refused while launching an attack known as Pickets cha rge. After the adversity of Pickets charge, the Confederates soon retreated, and the Battle of Gettysburg had finally come to an end. Personally, I believe Michael Sahara is the causa of person who found this battle to be absolutely fascinating.I also believe that the author had done his research on the matter by victimization personal letters of these generals and other primary sources to help him write this book. This novel is an excellent example of a bloody battle fought on the US soil between the people of the US. To be honest, I really enjoyed this book. I like who the point of views changed to get the full coverage the battle and to have an insight on what was actually happening. I also happen to discern learning about wars and the presidents so that helped a lot knowing some outside information.